Installing additional software packages in a Linux OS can be a rather non-trivial task, since one package often does not contain all the modules and libraries necessary for work. Keeping track of dependencies between packages and their versions is the task of the package manager. On CentOS/RedHat operating systems, this role is played by yum. Yum provides the widest range of package and repositories management – installation, upgrade, removal, inventory, etc.
Like all Linux OS commands, the package manager has detailed built-in help – by running the yum command without parameters in the console, you can see a syntax hint, a list of supported functions with a brief description, and a list of additional options:
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One of the most useful functions in the list of commands is help. You can run yum help with some other command from the package manager’s extensive arsenal and get more information about the allowed options in return:
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In this example, we can see that the list command displays a list of packages or their groups. As valid parameters, you can specify a specific package name, or keywords. For example:
- list all packages:
yum list all - list packages available for installation:
yum list available - list installed packages:
yum list installed - list packages added to the repository in the last 7 days:
yum list recent - display a list of packages for which there are updates:
yum list updates
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If you need more detailed information about a package, you can use the info function – it supports the same keywords as list.
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So, according to the output of the yum info samba command, we will see that the package is in the Available Packages category (which means it is not installed in the system, but is available for installation), we will find out the version, architecture, repository and purpose of the package (in the Summary and Description fields):
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If the exact name of the required package is not known, the search function can help – it will display a list of packages that contain the given keywords in the name or description. Let’s look for tools for working with the network – yum search network tools:
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Having received information about the installed and available packages, you can proceed to the action commands:
- download and install the package from the repository:
yum install [имя_пакета] - package reinstall:
yum reinstall [имя_пакета] - update the specified package:
yum update [имя_пакета] - update all installed packages:
yum update - rollback update of the specified package:
yum downgrade [имя_пакета] - removing an installed package from the operating system:
yum erase [имя_пакета]
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All packages that yum can interact with are located in the so-called repositories – these are specially organized package repositories with metadata containing information about available versions and relationships. Information and data for connecting to repositories are stored in the operating system in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory .
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The following commands are used to work with repositories:
- list of connected repositories:
yum repolist - repository information:
yum repoinfo [имя_репозитория] - update information about packages in the repository (download metadata from the repository to local storage):
yum check-updates
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In addition to the basic commands, the package manager supports additional options that expand functionality, for example:
- -v #display additional information about the results of the command;
- -q # quiet mode without displaying information;
- -y #answer “yes” if action confirmation is required;
- –assumeno # answer “no” if action confirmation is required;
- –disablerepo=[repository_name] #disable repository;
- –enablerepo=[repository_name] #enable the repository.
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And finally, a few more useful commands from the yum package manager arsenal:
- list of dependencies of the specified package:
yum deplist [имя_пакета] - which package contains the specified file:
yum provides [имя_файла] - installing a package from a local rpm file (depending packages will be downloaded from the connected repositories if necessary):
yum localinstall [путь_к_rpm] - history of operations performed by the package manager:
yum history list - operation details:
yum history info [номер_операции] - undo actions performed within a specific operation:
yum history undo [номер_ операции] - repeat the actions performed by the operation:
yum history redo [номер_ операции]
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