Detailed instructions on utilizing the helpful Rsync software to synchronize files and directories on a local machine running the Linux operating system as well as across remote servers running the Linux operating system.
What is Rsync?
RSync, which stands for “remote sync” or “remote synchronization,” is a method for synchronizing files both locally and remotely. It does this by employing an algorithm that moves just those sections of the files that have been modified, so reducing the total amount of data that is duplicated.
The utility’s primary purpose is to synchronize website trees between staging and production servers. Additionally, it may be used to automate the backup of critical parts of filesystems through the use of cron. RSync makes it simple to move massive volumes of data, allowing for backups to be created in a lightning-fast and highly effective manner.
Basic Syntax
The syntax of the rsync utility is very simple and similar to ssh, scp, and cp.
To create test directories and files with , run the following commands:
cd ~
mkdir directory1
mkdir directory2
touch directory1/file{1..50}
As a result, 50 empty files will appear in directory1. To view, you can run the command:ls directory1
To synchronize directory1 and directory2 on the same operating system, type:rsync -r directory1/ directory2
The -r switch provides recursive directory synchronization.
Instead of the -r option, the -a option is most often used in practice. The option allows you to perform recursive synchronization, saves symbolic links, special files and device files, modification time, group, owner and rights.
Remote System Synchronization
Synchronization with a remote directory is performed in the same way as synchronization of local directories. Use the command in the following format:rsync -a ~/directory1 username@remote_host:destination_directory
In terms of git, this operation can be called push. An operation similar to pull can also be performed:rsync -a username@remote_host:/home/username/directory directory1
Useful Options
Rsync provides many options to change the default behavior of the utility.
If you are transferring files that have not yet been compressed, such as text files, you can enable compression using the -z option:
rsync -az source destination
You can use the -P flag to display the synchronization progress:rsync -azP source destination
The console output will look something like this:
sending incremental file list file1 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=99/101) file10 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=98/101) file2 0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=87/101) …
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